Melatonin/ramelteon are associated with reduction in delirium incidence in hospitalized patients. However, this effect seems confined to surgical and ICU patients.

The optimum dosage and formulation of melatonin, and treatment duration remain uncleared and open to further studies with larger sample sizes.

14 studies with 1,712 participants were included.

Melatonin/ramelteon significantly reduced delirium incidence with risk reduction of 49% in surgical patients and 34% in ICU patients.

Non-significant reduction was found in medical patients. Melatonin/ramelteon were associated with improvement in sleep quality, increased sedation score and lower sedatives consumption.

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