We found high probabilities of benefits and low probabilities of harm with haloperidol treatment compared with placebo in acutely admitted, adult ICU patients with delirium for the primary and most secondary outcomes.

The mean difference for days alive and out of hospital to day 90 (primary outcome) was 2.9 days (95% credible interval with probabilities of 92% for any benefit and 82% for clinically important benefit.

The risk difference for mortality was − 6.8 percentage points with probabilities of 99% for any benefit and 94% for clinically important benefit.

The adjusted risk difference for serious adverse reactions was 0.3 percentage points with 98% probability of no clinically important difference.

Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses using different priors, with more than 83% probability of benefit and less than 17% probability of harm with haloperidol treatment.

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