To counter these pharmacokinetics (PKs) alterations, new therapeutic avenues must be further explored in the ICU to individualize opioid infusions.

Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR) were searched from inception to March 2024.

Studies were included if they evaluated PKs of opioid infusions in adult patients in the ICU.

Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data.

Out of the 1,040 records screened, 17 studies were included. Five studies were conducted on fentanyl, seven on morphine, one on hydromorphone, two on remifentanil, two on alfentanil, and one on sufentanil.

Read More