Serum sodium elevation is considered a frequent manifestation in critically ill patients, with significant clinical outcomes and requiring timely
management.

This case report suggests a possible association between the use of ceftriaxone and the development of hypernatremia, and its subsequent resolution once the use of this pharmacological agent was suspended, highlighting the importance of a timely diagnosis with a multifactorial approach to dysnatremia, and considering antimicrobial therapies as potential etiologies of this hydroelectrolytic disorder once the most frequent and clinically relevant etiologies have been ruled out in intensive care unit patients.

Serum sodium disturbances are highly prevalent in critically ill patients and are associated with a significant increase in in-hospital mortality.

In the setting of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, both hypo- and hypernatremia can occur, worsening the prognosis and clinical course, and increasing the length of hospital stay.

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