This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 studies, revealing significant differences in risk factors between the extubation success and failure groups. Subgroup analysis further showed variations in risk factors across different neonatal populations.

Future research should refine risk identification, improve outcome prediction, and facilitate timely interventions for high-risk neonates.

Although this study attempted to reduce the impact of patient heterogeneity through subgroup analysis, further large-scale, rigorously designed prospective studies are warranted to improve the clinical applicability and generalizability of the findings.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Data are reported as pooled odds ratios for categorical variables and mean differences for continuous variables.

Data were sourced from common databases.

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