Diaphragm atrophy developing during mechanical ventilation strongly impacts clinical outcomes.

Targeting an inspiratory effort level similar to that of healthy subjects at rest might accelerate liberation from ventilation.

Of 211 patients enrolled, 191 had two or more diaphragm thickness measurements.

Thickness decreased more than 10% in 78 patients (41%) by median Day 4 (interquartile range, 3-5).

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