Despite a paucity of high-quality clinical investigations, the preponderance of evidence to date suggests that 1) posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of critical illness may be preventable and 2) early interventions may be the most effective. Seventeen studies met all inclusion and no exclusion criteria. There was heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures used. All studies had some concern for risk of bias as per the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias.

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