Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent postoperative complication with a substantial risk for both short and long-term adverse events, and its incidence is likely to rise because of increasing major surgical procedures. Studies investigating better strategies to prevent and treat AKI in this population are urgently needed.Postoperative AKI affects approximately one-fifth of patients after major surgery, but the incidence varies according to the type of surgery. Preexisting chronic kidney disease is a major risk factor for postoperative AKI.

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