Theoretically, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), especially low-dose ANP, is beneficial in acute kidney injury (AKI).

In this study, we examined whether low-dose ANP is effective in preventing or treating AKI by conducting an updated systematic review for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Low-dose ANP might be effective in preventing or treating AKI.

However, the evidence accumulated so far is not strong enough to demonstrate ANP’s beneficial effects.

The next step is to elucidate the effects of low-dose ANP by conducting multicenter, high-quality, large-sample RCTs.

A total of 18 RCTs (16 prevention and two treatment trials) fulfilled our inclusion criteria.

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