Three preoperative indicators (age, preoperative malnutrition, diabetes mellitus), one intraoperative indicator (CPB > 135 min) and three postoperative indicators (moderate to severe ARDS, use of ECMO or IABP or CRRT, MV> 20 hours) were identified as independent risk factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

A facile nomogram for predicting pneumonia after cardiac surgery was constructed and well validated.

A nomogram performed well in terms of calibration and discrimination, and may have good clinical usefulness.

Through individualized risk assessment and identification of high-risk populations, nomograms can help clinicians improve clinical decision-making and help patients make informed decisions.

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