This review provides an update on the risk factors, causes, and treatment approaches to HSCT-associated acute kidney injury (AKI).

Patients who undergo HSCT have many risk factors for developing AKI, including sepsis, use of nephrotoxic medications, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and veno-occlusive disease (VOD).

In addition, engraftment syndrome/cytokine storm, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), and less common infections with specific renal manifestations, such as BK and adenovirus nephritis, may lead to kidney injury.

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