Antifungal stewardship (AFS) can improve performance measures and decrease antifungal consumption, with no negative impact on outcomes.

β-D-glucan (BDG) are helpful to stop unnecessary treatment in patients with IC, but should probably not be used to initiate antifungal therapy in patients with low probability of IC.

De-escalation of antifungal treatment is safe and should be performed in critically ill patients.

Routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended in patients receiving voriconazole.

Accuracy of T2M3 in diagnosing IC, and the role of ID physicians in better use of antifungals in the ICU should be further evaluated.

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