In this multicenter study in 1202 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 patients undergoing noncardiothoracic surgery requiring 2 hours or more of general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation, at least 1 PPC occurred in 401 patients (mainly the need for prolonged oxygen therapy by nasal cannula and atelectasis). Patients with 1 PPC or more, even mild, had significantly increased early postoperative mortality, intensive care unit admission, and intensive care unit/hospital length of stay.

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