A predictive calculator for assessing the risk of poor clinical outcomes in preterm neonates with late-onset sepsis (LOS) has been developed. By leveraging readily available clinical data at the time of blood culture collection, the model has the potential to facilitate the prompt risk stratification of neonates.

This tool could assist clinicians in decision-making and in tailoring personalized care for preterm neonates, ultimately enhancing outcomes for this vulnerable population.

Previous studies have explored various risk factors associated with an increased likelihood of LOS and mortality in preterm neonates. For example, a recent retrospective study of 148 neonates identified metabolic acidosis, hypoxic respiratory failure and the use of inotropes as significant risk factors for LOS.

Similarly, a two-site retrospective study performed in Canada with 142 neonates, showed that lower MAP, high base deficit and lower gestational age were associated with increased mortality rates.

In addition, a recent case control study involving 350 preterm neonates demonstrated that a longer duration of NICU hospitalization and mechanical ventilation as well as the presence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), were associated with increased risk for LOS.

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