In the pyramid of evidence based medicine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered to be one of the most reliable study designs when evaluating the cause and effect of treatment modalities. When evaluating randomized controlled trials, we often look for statistical significance of a study to determine if a treatment has an effect. Statistical significance means that the result of a study is unlikely to occur by chance alone. The value assigned to a statistically significant result is typically a p-value less than 0.05.

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