Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe infectious disease caused by Aspergillus spp.

It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients, as well as in those with COVID-19 pneumonia or critically ill individuals in intensive care units (ICUs).

Accurate clinical diagnosis remains a significant challenge, often resulting in missed diagnoses.

This study evaluated IPA inpatients diagnosed through mycological evidence and clinical criteria over 12 months.

Inclusion criteria required at least one positive mycological result, including a positive culture from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or high-quality sputum, or a positive galactomannan antigen (GM) test.

A total of 216 patients were diagnosed with IPA, with a mortality rate of 68.5%.

Hematologic malignancies were the primary underlying condition in 33.8% of cases.

Voriconazole or posaconazole was used in 45% (98/216) of patients overall, but only 26% (32/121) of nonhematologic malignancy patients received these treatments.

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