Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a multifactorial and hemodynamically diverse high-acuity illness that is frequently associated with multisystem organ failure. The complexity of CS requires a widespread application of best-care practice standards and a coordinated regionalized approach to CS with multidisciplinary care in designated tertiary care centers that have the expertise, clinical volume, and resources necessary to centralize the delivery of the medical, surgical, and mechanical therapies highlighted in this document. Despite its prevalence, few trials have been performed, and CS remains a relatively understudied cardiovascular disease state. The pathophysiology of CS remains poorly elucidated; many routine CS therapeutic practices have not been rigorously tested; and new medical treatment options are urgently needed to reduce the significant patient morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. To address the knowledge gap, we advocate for coordinated international efforts to identify CS research priorities, to conduct clinical trials, and to create large population-based registries to generate quality improvement opportunities. These endeavors could form the basis for future scientific discovery, guideline development, and improved patient outcomes.

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