Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is less common than antibiotic-associated diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome. There is significant concern about overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment of CDI with increasing use of NAATs, especially when applied inappropriately to patients who do not have diarrhea or for patients with another cause of diarrhea. This can lead to CDI overdiagnosis and delay in diagnosis and treatment of the actual underlying cause. This guideline includes significant changes to both testing and treatment recommendations for CDI.

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