The velocity parameters of SMA Doppler ultrasound such as TAMV and PSV can reflect cardiac function. The measurements of SMA RI and PI are correlated with lactate levels, having a positive predictive value for hyperlactatemia and provide guidance for fluid resuscitation in patients with shock in the future.

The main finding of our study was that Doppler ultrasound of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is a valuable tool for identifying various types of shock, especially cardiogenic shock.

The resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the SMA provide insights into both central and peripheral perfusion and show a correlation with lactate levels.

Additionally, cardiac function can be assessed by examining the correlation between cardiac index (CI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV).

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