This cohort study uses propensity score matching analyses of 3 years of data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study to assess whether there is an association between electronic nicotine delivery system use and changes in the frequency or intensity of cigarette smoking among young adults who have ever smoked.

The present cohort analyses included 1096 YA ever smokers who were ENDS naive at wave 1. The majority of the sample were women (609 [55.6%]) and White individuals (698 [63.7%]), and the mean (SD) age was 21.4 (1.9) years.

In wave 1, 161 YAs (14.7%) were daily smokers in the previous 30 days.

The analytic sample was selected using multiple variables based on peer-reviewed literature supporting associations with ENDS use.

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