Sepsis is a heterogeneous disease and identification of its subclasses may facilitate and optimize clinical management. This study aimed to identify subclasses of sepsis and its responses to different amounts of fluid resuscitation.

The study identified four sub-phenotypes of Sepsis, which showed different mortality outcomes and responses to fluid resuscitation.

Prospective trials are needed to validate our findings.

In total, 14,993 patients were included in the study.

The latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four subclasses of Sepsis: profile 1 was characterized by the lowest mortality rate; profile 2 was characterized by respiratory dysfunction; profile 3 was characterized by multiple organ dysfunction (kidney, coagulation, liver, and shock), and profile 4 was characterized by neurological dysfunction.

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