We have elucidated the transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by analyzing the trend and mitigation measures in the three epicenters.

Our results show that the airborne transmission route is highly virulent and dominant for the spread of COVID-19.

The mitigation measures are discernable from the trends of the pandemic.

Our analysis reveals that the difference with and without mandated face covering represents the determinant in shaping the trends of the pandemic.

This protective measure significantly reduces the number of infections.

Other mitigation measures, such as social distancing implemented in the United States, are insufficient by themselves in protecting the public.

Our work also highlights the necessity that sound science is essential in decision-making for the current and future public health pandemics.

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