Several enablers and barriers to implementing ICU follow-up clinics and peer support groups should be taken into account and leveraged to improve ICU recovery. Among the most important enablers are motivated clinician leaders who persist to find a path forward despite obstacles.

Ten enablers and nine barriers to implementation of “ICU follow-up clinics” were described.

A key enabler to generate support for clinics was providing insight into the human experience of survivorship, to obtain interest from hospital administrators.

Significant barriers included patient and family lack of access to clinics and clinic funding.

Nine enablers and five barriers to the implementation of “peer support groups” were identified.

Key enablers included developing infrastructure to support successful operationalization of this complex intervention, flexibility about when peer support should be offered, belonging to the international learning collaborative.

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