Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) comprises 10–30% of critical care admissions worldwide. ARDS outcomes have improved secondary to ventilatory strategies that may potentially mitigate ventilator-induced lung injury.

Interventions such as low tidal volume ventilation, minimization of the fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2), positive end-expiratory pressure titration, neuromuscular blockade, prone positioning, and facilitating“lung protection” with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V–V ECMO) may have collectively improved mortality rates.

As the proportion of ARDS survivors has increased, recognition of the neurological sequelae in ARDS survivors has gained traction.

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