Urgent and drastic changes to the rules around medical devices, such as pacemakers, are needed to protect patients, according to the Royal College of Surgeons. It wants a register of every device in every patient set up so doctors know if new innovations are causing harm. An investigation by 58 media organisations has uncovered patients being given implants that were unsafe. Medical devices range from implanted contraceptives to hip replacements to pacemakers in the heart. BBC Panorama has been investigating the industry with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and organisations around the world including The Guardian newspaper and the British Medical Journal.

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