Compared with surgical cannulation, percutaneous cannulation was independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality and fewer complications.

Among 12,592 patients meeting study inclusion, 9,249 (73%) underwent percutaneous cannulation.

The proportion of patients undergoing percutaneous cannulation increased from 32% to 84% over the study period.

In-hospital mortality, cannulation site bleeding, and systemic infection occurred less frequently in the percutaneous group compared to the surgical group.

In adjusted analyses, percutaneous cannulation was independently associated with lower rates of in-hospital mortality, cannulation site bleeding and systemic infection.

Severe limb ischemia was more frequently observed in the percutaneous group.

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