Procalcitonin level, pneumothorax, neutrophil count at 14 days, and hemoglobin level at 14 days after admission were poor prognostic indicators among patients with NCPD-PJP. Neutrophil count was related with poor prognosis among CPD-PJP patients.

The all-cause mortality rate of CPD-PJP patients was higher than that of NCPD-PJP patients, with no significant difference. Early identification of these factors in patients with PJP and other underlying diseases may improve prognosis.

A total of 167 patients diagnosed with PJP were included in the study: 53 in the CPD-PJP group and 114 in the NCPD-PJP group. The number of patients with PJP showed an increasing trend over the 10-year period. A similar trend was observed for in-hospital mortality. Independent risk factors associated with death in the NCPD-PJP group were procalcitonin level (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01– 1.16, P=0.01), pneumothorax (adjusted OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01– 0.38, P=0.002), neutrophil count (adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05– 1.53, P=0.01) at 14 days, and hemoglobin level (adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91– 0.98; P=0.002) at 14 days after admission. The risk factor associated with death in the CPD-PJP group was neutrophil count (adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.99– 1.43; P=0.05) at 14 days after admission.

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