Predictors for weaning failure are widely researched. To date, 145 predictors have been investigated with varying intensity in 140 studies that are in line with the current weaning definition.

It is no longer just individual predictors that are investigated, but more comprehensive assessments, indices and machine learning models in the last decade.

Future research should be conducted in line with international weaning definitions and further investigate poorly researched predictors.

Of the 1,388 records obtained, 140 studies were included in the analysis. The 112 prospective and 28 retrospective studies investigated a total of 145 predictors.

These were assigned to the four central clusters ‘Imaging procedures’ (n = 22), ‘Physiological parameters’ (n = 61), ‘Scores and indices’ (n = 53), and ‘Machine learning models’ (n = 9).

The most frequently investigated predictors are the rapid shallow breathing index, the diaphragm thickening fraction, the respiratory rate, the P/F ratio, and the diaphragm excursion.

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