Over the past two decades, there have been substantial improvements in mortality in hematological malignancy patients with sepsis, including across all levels of illness severity and in patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

However, mortality and post-ICU length of stay remain higher than other patients with sepsis, and further research into prevention and treatment in patients with hematological malignancies is warranted.

In-hospital sepsis mortality decreased in patients with hematological malignancy, from 55.6% (95% CI 46.5–64.6%) in 2000 to 23.1% (95% CI 20.8–25.5%) in 2021.

In patients without hematological malignancy mortality decreased from 33.1% (95% CI 31.3–35.1%) to 14.4% (95% CI 13.8–14.8%).

This decrease remained significant after adjusting for mortality predictors including age, SOFA score and comorbidities, as estimated by adjusted annual odds of in-hospital death.

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