The serum protein changes identified with the aptamer-based multiplexed proteomics approach used in this study can be useful to distinguish between sepsis and noninfectious systemic inflammation.

A cohort of 40 children with clinically overt sepsis and 30 children immediately postcardiopulmonary bypass surgery (infection-negative systemic inflammation control subjects) was recruited.

Serum samples from 35 of the sepsis and 28 of the bypass surgery subjects were available for screening with an aptamer-based proteomic platform that measures 1,305 proteins to search for large-scale serum protein expression pattern changes in sepsis.

A total of 111 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the sepsis and control groups, using the linear models for microarray data (linear modeling) and Boruta (decision trees) R packages, with 55 being previously identified in sepsis patients.

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