Pneumonia remains a difficult sonographic diagnosis in the critically ill. It is characterized by hypoechoic areas, irregular margins, heterogeneous echo texture, dynamic air bronchogram, pleural effusion and vascular flow within consolidated lung. Air bronchogram is an important sign in differentiating lung consolidation. When dynamic (strong echogenic structure with air moving through bronchi), linear or dendritic, it is a diagnostic sonographic sign of pneumonia.

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