No difference was found between the real-time ultrasound-guided out-of-plane cannulation of the IJV and the infraclavicular real-time ultrasound-guided in-plane cannulation of the AXV.

Both techniques are equally efficient and safe in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.

Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: the IJV group (n = 304) and AXV group (n = 306).

The primary outcome was to compare the IJV group and AXV group through the venipuncture and catheterization success rates.

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