Despite having a powerful effect on restoring spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, epinephrine produced only a small absolute increase in survival with no increase in favorable functional recovery as compared with placebo. We now must ponder whether additional treatments after a return of spontaneous circulation could improve functional recovery, whether drug use should differ on the basis of cardiac rhythm, and whether lower doses of epinephrine would be superior to higher doses among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

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