Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients may shorten ICU or hospital length of stay, improve SOFA scores, or reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Its ability to lower 28-day mortality remains uncertain, and large randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its efficacy in this setting.

Additionally, identifying the highest bolus dose of vitamin D that can be administered without triggering mechanisms that reduce its activation remains a critical research priority.

Out of 807 studies identified, 21 studies met the criteria and were included in this narrative review.

For each included study, study details were extracted into Table 1.

Two authors independently verified the extracted data for all studies.

Eight of the 21 studies included did not show clinical benefits of vitamin D replacement in critically ill patients.

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