Exploring the individual and synergistic effects of ascorbic acid and thiamine on key pathways implicated in sepsis pathophysiology has not yielded unequivocal evidence supporting their use without concomitant corticosteroids.

Heterogeneity of data exists, marked by divergent quantifications for successful pharmacotherapy interventions.

Whereas some data support changes in patient outcome scores or critical illness indices, others have failed to demonstrate any meaningful benefit to ICU length of stay, ventilator status, or mortality.

Trials that described patient outcomes, medication efficacy, and medication safety data were considered for inclusion, while reports describing the use of either or both thiamine and ascorbic acid for a non-sepsis indication and reports that were not readily translatable to English were excluded.

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