Non-resuscitation fluid in excess of hydration requirements is associated with increased mortality in critically ill children. Excess maintenance fluid is a modifiable contributor to this fluid volume. Strategies to reduce excess maintenance fluids warrant further study.

We evaluated 14,483 patients; 52% received non-resuscitation fluid in excess of hydration requirements.

Non-resuscitation fluid in excess of hydration requirements was associated with higher in-hospital mortality after adjustment for confounders.

We evaluated all patients admitted to two large urban pediatric intensive care units (PICU) between January 2010–August 2016 and January 2010–August 2018, respectively, who survived and remained in the hospital for at least 3 days following PICU admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

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