A FF strategy was not associated with changes to early enteral nutrition delivery. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and morbidity were similar, but FF may modify the relationship between inflammation and adverse event. Multicenter nutrition studies are possible and necessary in this vulnerable population.

55 patients were randomized equally to study arms.

Patients were a median (interquartile range) of 16 days old (7–110 d old), undergoing biventricular surgery (88%) with a median cardiopulmonary bypass time of 125 minutes (105–159 min).

Serial blood samples were drawn before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac ICU admission, and every 12 hours (up to 96 hr) for glucose, insulin, and cytokines (interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels.

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