In this study of surgical ICU patients with concern for ongoing bleeding, a prediction model using serial VS and biomarkers outperformed the SI and may help identify those requiring hemorrhage control interventions (HCI).

This retrospective study evaluated adult patients admitted to the surgical ICU with concern for ongoing hemorrhage under our institution’s “Hemorrhage Watch” (HW) protocol and aimed to derive a clinical prediction model identifying those needing HCI with serial vital signs (VS) and serum biomarkers.

The HW protocol included ICU admission followed by a 3-h observation period with VS monitoring every 15 min and hourly biomarkers.

305 patients were identified for inclusion and 18 (5.9%) required HCI (3 operative, 15 endovascular).

The median age was 70 years (IQR 54, 83), 60% had traumatic injuries, and 73% were enrolled from the emergency department.

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