VAP in Patients with Increased Intra-abdominal Pressure

Critically ill patients with increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are considered a challenging patient population in every ICU setting. Patients with... read more

Prophylactic IV Antibiotics Outcomes in Patients with Acute Severe Brain Injury on Mechanical Ventilation

Among critically ill patients with acute brain injury, prophylactic IV antibiotics were associated with less VAP but not with changes in length of stay, mortality, or neurologic outcomes. Patients with structural brain... read more

Standard vs. Double Dosing of Beta-lactam Antibiotics in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients

The BULLSEYE trial is a randomized controlled study designed to enhance the treatment of critically ill patients with septic shock. The concept of administering higher and double doses of beta-lactams in such patients... read more

PCR and Biomarker Algorithms to Guide Antibiotics in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell disease (SCD) is life-threatening and characterised by a new infiltrate on imaging plus fever or respiratory symptoms.1 Causes of ACS include infections, venous or fat embolisms or... read more

Association Between Osteopontin and Apolipoprotein E gene Polymorphisms and Vancomycin-induced AKI

Individuals carrying specific genotypes of APOE (e2e3) were more prone to develop vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), per se. This could apply to other nephrotoxic agents as well. We also observed a significant... read more

Septic Distributive Shock: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta

Massive distributive shock can lead to total collapse of the cardiopulmonary system with a subsequent need for CPR. Partial REBOA may be a viable resuscitation adjunct in such cases to restore hemodynamics and increase coronary... read more

Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Critically Ill

This book provides unique insights into the issues that drive modified dosing regimens for antibiotics in the critically ill. Leading international authors provide their commentary alongside a summary of existing evidence... read more

Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Critically Ill

Assessing the Risk of Poor Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Neonates with Late-onset Sepsis

A predictive calculator for assessing the risk of poor clinical outcomes in preterm neonates with late-onset sepsis (LOS) has been developed. By leveraging readily available clinical data at the time of blood culture collection,... read more

Antibiotic Prophylaxis Effectiveness in Polytrauma Patients

The results indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis has no significant effect on mortality and clinical status compared with placebo or standard care in adult polytrauma patients but may reduce the risk of VAP. However,... read more

Which Antimicrobial Treatment for Patients with Bloodstream Infection During ECMO Support?

Enterococcus sp. was incriminated in about a third of BSI among patients with ECMO support. High appropriateness would only be obtained with piperacilline/tazobactam or carbapenems in association with vancomycin while 3rd... read more

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in ICU: Identification, Evaluation and Prevention

This study highlights the significant prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) as a major bacterial pathogen causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in ICU patients, with a high detection rate of 71.7% in tested patients,... read more

Zosyn vs. Efepime: Which One Is Safer?

While both piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime are commonly used to treat infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients, there is a concern that piperacillin-tazobactam may lead to acute kidney injury... read more

Inflammatory Markers and Severity in COVID-19 Patients with Clostridioides Difficile Co-Infection

The interplay of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) poses a critical clinical challenge. The resultant inflammatory milieu and its impact... read more

Clinical Outcomes of Early Phenotype-Desirable Antimicrobial Therapy for Enterobacterales Bacteremia

This is first study to compare clinical outcomes between patients with E coli, K pneumoniae, K oxytoca, and P mirabilis BSIs receiving early PDAT vs delayed PDAT using DOOR analysis. Receiving early phenotype-desirable... read more

Ventilator-associated Lung Disease: A Complex Reality in the ICU

Mechanical ventilation, by tracheal intubation or tracheostomy, is the common supplementary treatment for several reasons for hospitalization. Since the advent of long-term mechanical ventilation during the polio epidemic. In... read more

Ventilator-associated Lung Disease: A Complex Reality in the ICU

Sepsis Management: PIRO and MODS

This book is unique in approaching multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) from the perspective of its pathophysiological mechanism, and addressing aspects that are overlooked in most of the available literature. Eminent... read more

Sepsis Management: PIRO and MODS

Association Between SHR and Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure Complicated by Sepsis

This study suggests that stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) may be a valuable predictor of prognosis in patients with heart failure combined with sepsis. Both high and low SHR values are associated with poorer outcomes.... read more

Early Antiviral Use and Supplemental Oxygen Decrease the Risk of Secondary Bacterial Infections

This nested case control study shows that early use of antiviral agents and non-invasive oxygen supplementation leads to decreased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. On the other hand, use of antibiotics... read more

Effect on Norepinephrine Administration Timing on Prognosis of Septic Shock Patients

Norepinephrine initiation ≤1 h is associated with lower 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock. Early norepinephrine administration is also associated with a shorter time to achieve MAP ≥65 mmHg, lower 24-h intravenous... read more

An Optimal Antibiotic Selection Framework for Sepsis Patients Using AI

In this work we present OptAB, the first completely data-driven online-updateable antibiotic selection model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Sepsis patients accounting for side-effects. OptAB performs an iterative... read more

ARF Caused by Penicillium Marneffei Infection After Kidney Transplantation

Penicillium Marneffei (PM) infections often present with nonspecific clinical manifestations, and severe respiratory failure (ARF) after infection is particularly uncommon. This case report a patient who developed severe... read more

Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced broad-spectrum antibiotics and length of stay in ICU patients with alcohol withdrawal induced refractory delirium tremens

Administration of TMP-SMX prophylaxis reduced the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and ICU LOS in ICU-treated rDT patients. The retrospective study design should be considered when interpreting the results, and prospective... read more