Tag: pediatrics
High Plasma Levels Linked to Severe ARDS in Children with Respiratory Failure
Elevated surfactant protein D levels are associated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and poor outcomes in children with acute respiratory failure, according to results published in Chest. Elevated surfactant... read more
Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Severe COVID-19
In this cohort study, no evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was identified in the first 101 newborns born to mothers positive for or with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections at a large medical center in an epicenter... read more
Standardized Perioperative Feeding Protocol Improves Outcomes
An aggressive, but safe, perioperative feeding protocol implemented in a homogenous low-risk neonatal cardiac surgical population improves feeding outcomes, including increased weight gain, as well as decreased postoperative... read more
Dual Therapy Using Sildenafil and Milrinone Superior to Monotherapy in Neonates with Severe PPHN
Dual therapy using sildenafil and milrinone was superior to monotherapy with either drug in neonates with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and is recommended for use in resource-constrained settings. A double-blind... read more
Comparison of Clinical Features of COVID-19 vs Seasonal Influenza A and B in US Children
In this cohort study of 315 children with COVID-19 and 1402 children with seasonal influenza, there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, and... read more
Use and Outcomes of Nasotracheal Intubation Among Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation Across U.S. PICUs
Nasotracheal intubation is used in a minority of U.S. PICUs and mainly among young cardiac patients. Nasotracheal intubation is associated with a lower rate of unplanned extubations in this patient population. Future... read more
Factors Behind Decline of VV ECMO to Support Neonatal Respiratory Failure
The majority of U.K. centers are unable to provide venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) for neonates due to concerns with availability and suitability of dual lumen cannulae. An alternative to be considered... read more
Survey Finds More Than Half of Pediatric Cardiology Nurses Are Burned Out
More than half of nurses caring for children with cardiovascular conditions are emotionally exhausted and good working environments were linked with less burnout, according to a survey presented during ESC Congress 2020. Of... read more
Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children
Acute myocarditis with intense systemic inflammation and atypical Kawasaki disease is an emerging severe pediatric disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early recognition of this disease is needed and referral to an expert... read more
A Randomised Trial of High-flow Nasal Cannula in Infants with Moderate Bronchiolitis
In patients with moderate bronchiolitis, there was no evidence of lower rate of escalating respiratory support among those receiving HFNC therapy. The analyses included 268 patients among the 2621 infants assessed for... read more
Pediatric Critical Care and COVID-19
We provide early clinical and laboratory data about critical pediatric COVID-19, which suggest a variable disease but generally good outcomes compared with adults. Targets for research include the course of organ failure... read more
Holding and Mobility of Pediatric Patients With Transthoracic Intracardiac Catheters
Pediatric patients with transthoracic intracardiac catheters can be safely held and mobilized out of bed. A total of 1,358 patients had activity and positioning documented while transthoracic intracardiac catheters were... read more
Hypothermia Plus Melatonin in Asphyctic Newborns
The early addition of IV melatonin to asphyctic neonates is feasible and may improve long-term neurodevelopment. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial to analyze the administration of IV melatonin as an adjuvant... read more
Development of Persistent Respiratory Morbidity in Previously Healthy Children After ARF
Persistent respiratory morbidity develops in up to potentially 44% of previously healthy children less than or equal to 24 months old at follow-up after acute respiratory failure (ARF) requiring mechanical ventilation. This... read more
High Breath-by-Breath Variability Is Associated With Extubation Failure in Children
High respiratory variability during spontaneous breathing trials is independently associated with extubation failure in children, with very high rates of extubation failure when these children develop postextubation upper... read more
Rapid Advancement in Enteral Nutrition Does Not Affect Systemic Inflammation and Insulin Homeostasis Following Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery
A FF strategy was not associated with changes to early enteral nutrition delivery. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and morbidity were similar, but FF may modify the relationship between inflammation and adverse event. Multicenter... read more
Dexmedetomidine for Prolonged Sedation in the PICU
High-quality data on dexmedetomidine use for prolonged sedation and a consensus on correct dosing and weaning protocols in children are currently missing. Infusion of dexmedetomidine can be considered relatively safe in pediatrics... read more
Difficult Bag-Mask Ventilation in Critically Ill Children Is Independently Associated With Adverse Events
Difficult bag-mask ventilation is reported in approximately one in 10 PICU patients undergoing tracheal intubation. Given its association with adverse procedure–related events and oxygen desaturation, future study is warranted... read more
The Impact on Pediatric Emergency Care during COVID-19
Although most children with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or present with mild disease, serious—but rare—complications are being seen in pediatric patients. This supplement describes the epidemiology, clinical features, and... read more
Clinical Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2
In this case series of hospitalized children who met criteria for PIMS-TS, there was a wide spectrum of presenting signs and symptoms and disease severity, ranging from fever and inflammation to myocardial injury, shock,... read more
Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 Patients
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged medical systems and clinicians globally to unforeseen levels. COVID-19's rapid spread has forced clinicians to care for patients with... read more
Pharmacokinetics and Sedative Effects of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine in Ambulatory Pediatric Patients
These results demonstrate that intranasally (IN) dexmedetomidine is relatively rapidly absorbed and causes significant sedation in pediatric patients. Pharmacokinetics of IN dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients show quite... read more
